Learning Is A Key Component Of Human Development - 862 Words

Learning is a crucial component of human development; learning helps people understand past mistakes and progress in both their personal and professional lives. Children would remain stagnant if they did not learn which is why it is important to take the time to understand human methods of learning, and develop ways to enhance the learning process. In my reflection journal I will address at least two main points from the weekly reading from Contemporary Theories of Learning (Illeris, 2009) and Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, 2005). In addition I will include my personal connection and application for each point. In Contemporary Theories of Learning, Illeris defined learning as â€Å"any process that in living organisms leads to permanent capacity change and which is not solely due to biological maturation or ageing† (Illeris, 2009). I found this definition interesting, because learning by his definition is centered on change and the learning that typically takes place in our school systems are not centered on change; they are centered on memorizing facts by rote memorization. When I attended a semester at Calvary Chapel Bible College in Murrieta California, one of my professors discussed that there are five different types of learning levels, including rote, recognition, restatement, relation, and realization. After reviewing these five levels, I noticed that the actual change does not occur until the realization stage where the individual understands the informationShow MoreRelatedLife Span Human Development Paper748 Words   |  3 PagesPerspective Paper : To understand change in life is probably one of the most important aspects of human development. Our perspective on life and understanding the changes that occur during the different stages of the human life is the key to understanding why we tick and operate the way we do. Lifespan perspective is a key to understanding this and is something a person must do basically lifelong. Life developm ent is basically ones understanding of the physical, mental, and social changes a person undergoesRead MoreEssay The Challenge of Developing Successful Leaders 1237 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations fail to cultivate the human resources that they already have because; they are unaware of their employees’ potential, they have not implemented a program for mentoring and development, or they may not have the funds to invest in training and development to further their employees’ capabilities. The Society for Human Resources relates that â€Å"developing the next generation of corporate leaders† is one of the major concerns of the majority of human resource executives (â€Å"Future HR ChallengesRead MoreLearning Team Deliverable Week 3 1055 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Learning Team Deliverable-Week 3 Learning Team-C Tina Johnson, Nicola Phillips-Tate, Latrina Taylor, and Suzane Tenorio University of Phoenix HRM/552-Organizational Training and Development Sherri Johnson December 1, 2014 Learning Team Deliverable- Week 3 The assignment for this week focuses on the team’s understanding of the goals and objectives of training program development and delivery. Team C summarizes the following highlights of this week’s discussions: determining organizationalRead MoreHome And School Are Places Of Social Processes1363 Words   |  6 PagesBoth home and school are places of social processes. Montessori’s first school located in Rome included family housing in a residential building in Rome assisting a better learning environment against those who opposed. The Child’s House, it was named provided the family with comfort and assurance (Cooney,2011). Almost as if it was a at home daycare facility the parents had a peace of mind while they left for work knowing their children were well taken care of as well as getting an education, thatRead MoreCase Study : My Assigned Parts 1383 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintenance is the key factor to attain customer satisfaction and become prestigio us company in the business market. 4. Key Issues There are several key issues: ïÆ'Ëœ Attacking of insects on circuit boards. ïÆ'Ëœ Unavailability of spare parts. ïÆ'Ëœ Intolerable and prolonged replacement of defective parts. ïÆ'Ëœ Technician inaccessibility delay due to holidays. 5. Research Scope In today s fast paced environment, manufacturing flexibility is extensively recognized as a critical component to accomplish aRead MoreTalent Management Strategy1693 Words   |  7 Pagesemployee connected practices of the organization. Retaining and attracting talented employees, in a talent management system, is the responsibility of every tier of management in the organization, but especially the Human Resource managers who are in charge of hiring, training, and development. A successful talent management strategy also engages in the practice of sharing data about high profiled employees and their employment history and accomplishments to all divisions of the organization. This processRead MoreA Talent Management Strategy1712 Words   |  7 Pagesemployee connected practices of the organization. Retaining and attracting talented employees, in a talent management system, is the responsibility of every tier of management in the organization, but especially the Human Resource mana gers who are in charge of hiring, training, and development. A successful talent management strategy also engages in the practice of sharing data about high profiled employees and their employment history and accomplishments to all divisions of the organization. This processRead MoreMotivation And School Applications Of Motivation839 Words   |  4 Pagesintrinsic to the learning process (Martinez, 2010; Schunk, 2012). Behaviorism is the attempt to understand humans through observations of their actions rather than on a cognitive level and considers the learning process as a superficial construction between stimuli and responses (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000; Schunk, 2012). The advent of cognitive sciences in the 1950s changed how learning was theorized and began to examine the importance of the social and cultural contexts of the learning processRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources925 Words   |  4 PagesIf you were to ask any human resources professional w hat their responsible functions were you would receive many different responses based on their department. â€Å"No two human resources departments have precisely the same roles because of differences in organization sizes and characteristics of the workforce, the industry, and management values.† (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhard, Wright, 2016). Even though the roles in the departments are different, the functions that human resources are supportive ofRead MoreCareer Development Plan1719 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Career Development Plan Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program Chentrell M. Williams, MPA Human Capital Management – HRM 531 University of Phoenix Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program On February 22, 2005, InterClean, Inc. became a major force in the sanitation industry after acquiring a key competitor, EnviroTech. The company established a new strategic

Back Belts Free Essays

Back belt, also known as â€Å"back support belt† is a lightweight, elastic belt worn around the waist. It becomes popular due to the medical assumption that it protects the back and many workplaces acquire the use of back belts to avoid injuries among the workers. Sakol Trading and Engineering Co. We will write a custom essay sample on Back Belts or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Ltd. , a Thailand-based manufacturer of medical equipment like back belts and safety slings, guarantees that the back support belt has the comfort and durability to prevent lower back and abdominal pain and injuries during lifting of heavy loads. The belt also reminds the wearer to lift properly, offers extra support to a person’s back during prolonged sitting position and repetitive bending. However, these claims are not supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the federal institute responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injuries and illnesses. According to NIOSH, None of the studies they conducted provides sufficient evidence or data to support the claims that back belt reduces the load force, prevents back and abdominal injuries or stiffens the spine. Therefore, NIOSH does not recommend the use of back belts to the workers. There are several concerns that the controversial belt creates: it restricts the mobility of a person thus reducing the elasticity of the muscles and tendons; it cause strain on the cardiovascular system and; it creates a false sense of security that may make the wearer to lift excessively heavy load. It also causes muscles to be dependent on external support. Companies should not rely solely on the back belts as a safety program. They should let their workers undergo trainings about proper lifting and back support. The workers can be allowed to use back belts if they want to since wearing of it is voluntary. However, they should remember that there is no scientific evidence to support that back belts really work. Reference: †¢ Atkinson, Williams. Back Belts: Useful or Not? LP/Gas, Vol. 65, Issue 3, p. 46-47 (March, 2005). Retrieved May 28, 2009 from http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? vid=5hid=4sid=d76b81c5-3c37-451b-9278-484eeeb125cb%40sessionmgr2#db=bthAN=16409961 How to cite Back Belts, Papers

Health Care Ethics free essay sample

The Bartling case was about whether William Bartling had the right, over the objection of his physicians and the hospital, to have life-support equipment disconnected despite the fact that withdrawal of such devices will surely hasten his death. When he entered Glendale Adventist Hospital in California in 1984, he was known to be suffering from emphysema and diffuse arteriosclerosis, coronary arteriosclerosis, abdominal aneurysm, and inoperable lung cancer. At the end, He had to use mechanical respiratory and chest tube to assist his breathing in the ICU. Although each of these conditions could individually be lethal, he was not diagnosed as terminally ill. At first, Mr. Bartling asked his physicians to remove the ventilator but they refused. Then Mr. Bartling attempted to remove the ventilator tubes but was unsuccessful. Eventually, to prevent his attempt, he was placed in restraints so that the tubes could remain in place. The case was taken to Los Angeles Superior Court by Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Scott. Because he was not considered terminally ill, the court refused either to allow the respirator to be disconnected or to order that Mr. Bartling’s hands be freed. At the second time, the case was taken to the California Court of Appeal. However, the result was that Mr. Bartling had the right to make his own decision, which was obviously different with the first time. So I think the main issue in this case is about patient’s decision-making capacity, specifically, when patient is able to make make the decision of his own medical treatments.

Test free essay sample

An ovule of a seed plant consists of the megasporangium, megaspores, and integuments †¢Explain why pollen grains were an important adaptation for successful reproduction on land. Pollen grains were an important adaptation because the evolution of pollen allowed for pollination and contributed to the diversity of seed plants Basically like pollen allowed for sexual reproduction so there could be diversity †¢Explain how a seed can be said to include contributions from three distinct generations. 1) Seeds can survive harsh conditions through dormancy ) Distributed far from their parent sporophyte (or close depending) 3) Multicellular. Concept 30. 2: Gymnosperms bear â€Å"naked† seeds, typically on cones †¢List and distinguish the four phyla of gymnosperms. 1) Phylum Ginkgophyta Phylum Ginkgophyta consists of only a single extant species, Ginkgo biloba This popular ornamental species has fanlike leaves that turn gold before they fall off in the autumn. 2) Cycadophy ta Cycads (phylum Cycadophyta) have large cones and palm like leaves. Cycads flourished in the Mesozoic era. We will write a custom essay sample on Test or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (look like palms with cone) 3) Phylum Gnetophyta Phylum Gnetophyta consists of three very different genera. Weltwitschia plants have strap like leaves that are among the largest known leaves. (desert plant that looks like dried sea weed) Gentum species are tropical trees or vines. Ephedra is a shrub of the American deserts. (look like Welt but have little cones) 4) Coniferophyta The conifers belong to the largest gymnosperm phylum, the phylum Coniferophyta. The term conifer comes from the reproductive structure, the cone, which is a cluster of scale like sporophylls. (large trees, juniper berries, pines, sequoia) Describe the life history of a pine. Indicate which structures are part of the gametophyte generation and which are part of the sporophyte generation. †¢ oIn most conifer species, each tree has both ovulate and pollen cones. The pine tree is the sporophyte. Each ovulate cone contains megasporangium. Microsporangium undergoes meiosis, producing haploid micropsores that develop into pollen grains. A pollen grain enters through the micropyle and germinates, forming a pollen tube that digests through the megasporangium. By meiosis, four haploid cells are produced. One survives as a megaspore. Female egg develops. Fertilization occurs as sperm and egg nuclei unite. The ovule becomes a seed. oWhich does not apply to gymnosperms or angiosperms? 1. Vascular tissues 2. Diploid dominance 3. Single spore type (because they have micro- and megaspores) 4. Cuticle with stomata oIn seed bearing plants, microspores develop into ____. 1. Ovules 2. Seeds 3. Pollen grains 4. Anthers o oHow many generations are represented in the seed of a gymnosperm? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 oGymnosperms include 1. Gingko biloba, conifers, and flowering plants 2. Pine trees, apple trees, and rose bushes 3. Conifers, cycads, and magnolia 4. Cycads, conifers, Gingko biloba, and gnetophytes o Concept 30. 3: The reproductive adaptations of angiosperms include flowers and fruits †¢Identify the following floral structures and describe a function for each: oSepal †¢modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens oPetal †¢modified leaf of a flowering plant that advertise insects and other pollinators oStamen †¢pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower , Contains: †¢Filament ostalk of a stamen †¢Anther in an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains with male gametes form oCarpel †¢ovule-producing reproductive organ of flower , contains: †¢Stigma osticky part of a flower’s carpel, which traps pollen grains †¢Style othe stalk of a flower’s carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at top †¢Ovary oin flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop †¢Ovule oa structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the females gametophyte †¢Define fruit. Explain how fruits may be adapted to disperse seeds. A fruit is a mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal. Some fruits are dispersed by wind, others, such as coconuts, by water. Many rely on animals to carry the seeds by clinging to fur or producing edible fruits so that by the time the seed is deposited from the animal tract, the seed is far from the parental sporophyte. †¢Diagram the generalized life cycle of an angiosperm. Indicate which structures are part of the gametophyte generation and which are part of the sporophyte generation. †¢Explain the process and function of double fertilization. Double fertilization is a mechanism of fertilization in angiosperm in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm. One hypothesis for the function of double fertilization is that it synchronizes the development of food storage in the seed with development of the embryo. †¢Distinguish between monocots and eudicots. oMonocots is a clade consisti ng of flowering plants that have one cotyledon while oEudicots is a clade consisting of a vast majority of flowering plants that have two cotyledons. oOne difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms is that 1. Only angiosperms reproduce sexually 2. Only angiosperms produce fruits 3. Only angiosperms produce seeds 4. Only angiosperms produce wood oIf an angiosperm plant embryo contains two seed leaves, the plant is a ____. 1. Monocot 2. Eudicot 3. Bryophyte 4. Conifer oGymnosperms and angiosperms have the following traits in common except ____. 1. Seeds 2. Pollen 3. Vascular tissue 4. Ovaries 5. Ovules oWith respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome count? 1. Egg cell – n 2. Megaspore – 2n 3. Microsporocyte – 2n 4. Endosperm – 3n

The Primitive Hut - Laugiers Theory About Architecture

The Primitive Hut - Laugier's Theory About Architecture The Primitive Hut has become a shorthand statement of principle that defines essential elements of architecture. Often, the phrase is Laugiers Primitive Hut. Marc-Antoine Laugier (1713-1769) was a French Jesuit priest who rejected the opulence of Baroque architecture prevalent in his lifetime. He outlined his theory about what architecture should be in the 1753 Essai sur larchitecture. According to Laugier, all architecture derives from three essential elements: The columnThe entablatureThe pediment The Primitive Hut Illustrated Laugier expanded his book-length essay in a second edition published in 1755. This second edition includes the iconic frontispiece illustration by French artist Charles Eisen. In the picture, an idyllic woman (perhaps the personification of Architecture) points out a simple rustic cabin to a child (perhaps the unknowing, naive architect). The structure she points to is simplistic in design, uses basic geometric shapes, and is constructed from natural elements. Laugiers Primitive Hut is his representation of the philosophy that all architecture derives from this simple ideal. In the English translation of this 1755 edition, the frontispiece created by the British engraver Samuel Wale is slightly different from the illustration used in the well-known, celebrated French edition. The picture in the English language book is less allegorical and more clear-cut than the more romantic picture from the French edition. Both illustrations show, however, a reasoned and simplified approach to building. Charles Eisen frontispiece from Essai sur l’architecture, 2nd editionPublic domain image from DOME, digitized content from the MIT Libraries collections, dome.mit.eduSamuel Wale frontispiece from the English translationIllustration in the public domain courtesy of Open Library, openlibrary.org Full Title in English An Essay on Architecture; in which Its True Principles are explained, and Invariable Rules proposed, for Directing the Judgment and Forming the Taste of the Gentleman and the Architect, With regard to the Different Kinds of Buildings, the Embellishment of Cities, And the Planning of Gardens. The Primitive Hut Idea by Laugier Laugier theorizes that man wants nothing but shade from the sun and shelter from storms- the same requirements as a more primitive human. The man is willing to make himself an abode which covers but not buries him, Laugier writes. Pieces of wood raised perpendicularly, give us the idea of columns. The horizontal pieces that are laid upon them, afford us the idea of entablatures. Branches form an incline that can be covered with leaves and moss, so that neither the sun nor the rain can penetrate therein; and now the man is lodged. Laugier concludes that The little rustic cabin that I have just described, is the model upon which all the magnificences of architecture have been imagined. Why is Laugiers Primitive Hut Important? The essay is considered a major treatise in architectural theory. It is often cited by teachers of architecture and practicing architects even in the 21st century.Laugiers expression is pro-Greek Classicism and reacts against the Baroque ornamentation and decoration of his day. It established the argument for future architectural movements, including 18th century Neoclassicism and the 21st century trend toward unadorned, eco-friendly tiny homes and small dwellings (see Books to Help You Build a Smaller Home).The Primitive Hut idea supports a back-to-nature philosophy, a romantic idea which gained popularity in the mid-18th century and influenced literature, art, music, and architecture.Defining the essential elements of architecture is a statement of purpose, a philosophy that drives the work of an artist and practitioner. Simplicity of design and the use of natural materials, what Laugier believes are architectural essentials, are familiar ideas that have been embraced by more moder n architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright and the vision of Gustav Stickley at Craftsman Farms. Laugiers rustic cabin is sometimes call The Vitruvian Hut, because Laugier built on ideas of natural and divine proportion documented by the ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius (see Geometry and Architecture). Critical Thinking The popularity of Laugiers philosophy is in part because he offers easily understood alternatives to the architecture he scorns. The clarity of his writing is such that the English architect Sir John Soane (1753-1837) is said to have given copies of Laugiers book to his new staff members. Architects of the 20th century, like Le Corbusier, and of the 21st century, including Thom Mayne, have acknowledged the influence of Laugiers ideas on their own work. You dont have to agree with Laugiers visions, but its a good idea to understand them. Ideas shape everything we create, including architecture. Everyone has a philosophy that develops over time, even if the ideas havent been written down. A useful project is to put into words the theories about architecture and design that you have developed- how should buildings be built? what should cities look like? what design elements should all architecture have?  How do you write philosophy? How do you read philosophy? The Primitive Hut and Related Books Essay on Architecture by Marc-Antoine Laugier, English translation by Wolfgang Herrmann and Anni HerrmannBuy on AmazonOn Adams House in Paradise: The Idea of the Primitive Hut in Architectural History by Joseph Rykwert, MIT Press, 1981Buy on AmazonA Hut of Ones Own: Life Outside the Circle of Architecture by Ann Cline, MIT Press, 1998Buy on Amazon Sources Quotations and frontispiece designed by Mr. Wale for English translation of Laugiers Essay on Architecture (1755) in the public domain courtesy of Open Library, openlibrary.org

Divisibility Tricks and How to Divide in Your Head

Divisibility Tricks and How to Divide in Your Head A great way to enhance student learning in mathematics is to use tricks. Luckily, if you are teaching division, there are a lot of math tricks to choose from. Dividing by 2 All even numbers are divisible by 2. E.g., all numbers ending in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8. Dividing by 3 Add up all the digits in the number.Find out what the sum is. If the sum is divisible by 3, so is the number.For example: 12123 (121239) 9 is divisible by 3, therefore 12123 is too! Dividing by 4 Are the last two digits in your number divisible by 4?If so, the number is too!For example: 358912 ends in 12 which is divisible by 4, and so is 358912. Dividing by 5 Numbers ending in 5 or 0 are always divisible by 5. Dividing by 6 If the number is divisible by 2 and 3, it is also divisible by 6. Dividing by 7 First Test: Take the last digit in a number.Double and subtract the last digit in your number from the rest of the digits.Repeat the process for larger numbers.Example: Take 357. Double the 7 to get 14. Subtract 14 from 35 to get 21, which is divisible by 7, and we can now say that 357 is divisible by 7. Second Test: Take the number and multiply each digit beginning on the right-hand side (ones) by 1, 3, 2, 6, 4, 5. Repeat this sequence as necessary.Add the products.If the sum is divisible by 7, so is your number.Example: Is 2016 divisible by 7?6(1) 1(3) 0(2) 2(6) 2121 is divisible by 7, and we can now say that 2016 is also divisible by 7. Dividing by 8 This ones not as easy. If the last 3 digits are divisible by 8, so is the entire number.Example: 6008. The last 3 digits are divisible by 8, meaning 6008 is as well. Dividing by 9 Almost the same rule and dividing by 3. Add up all the digits in the number.Find out what the sum is. If the sum is divisible by 9, so is the number.For example: 43785 (4378527) 27 is divisible by 9, therefore 43785 is too! Dividing by 10 If the number ends in a 0, it is divisible by 10.

Risk management and insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk management and insurance - Essay Example an insurance agent, one is charged with the responsibility of contacting potential clients, selling different types of insurance, and explaining policies to customers (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d.). While the job can be greatly rewarding, it also has a lot of challenges especially for beginners. The insurance agent may have to walk the streets soliciting customers. The hustle involved in trying to convince potential albeit disinterested customers to buy an insurance policy seems too much for me especially considering that I am not as social as the job may demand. I especially do not like to engage complete strangers walking along the streets. Dealing with people unknown to me is especially stressful since they may hurl obscenities at me without any considerable provocation. In many cases, insurance companies place no requirement for working as an insurance agent. In any case, the insurance agents do not need much to be licensed to start working – passing a state administered licensing exam and taking a short course on insurance suffices to join the trade. While some may prefer to work with college graduates, this requirement is more often than not overlooked in a bid to find the right candidates for the job. In order to work as an agent, one may take economics and business courses (Career Planning.about.com, n.d.). This is not the case when dealing with insurance attorneys. Every organization wants to work with a competent insurance attorney which means that the candidate has to be well trained at college or university level at the least, law being a major component in his/her training. According to the requirements instituted by companies seeking insurance attorneys, it is beyond doubt that the candidate is better placed to earn much more than the insurance agent who may be earning on commission basis. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (n.d.), the median annual wage for agents stands at about 46,770 USD which is significantly lower

Answer question and write essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer question and write - Essay Example The world agenda on development, as implemented by international bodies as the UNEP intends to create harmony between the escalating growth of human population and environmental concerns. In ensuring harmony between population and environment, bodies and organizations responsible for ensuring sustainable development recommend the application of strategies that would reduce acute environmental pollution. The high human population growth rate translates to a consequential increase in food production. This initiates innovation of production processes that would guarantee food security for the high human population. Through the adoption of clean production technologies, environmental degradation would reduce to minimal levels possible. Priority, therefore, should be on the use of clean production techniques. Conducting impact assessments for projects and their feasibility is core to ensuring developments and projects embrace environmental concerns and mitigate any possible negative outco me. The use of clean production techniques would have other related importance as the prevention of land and water resources degradation. Industries should set process and product quality standards requirements. This would ensure clean production processes that produce minimum waste and pollutants. Clean production standards would control the rate of carbon emission into the atmosphere and, in turn, the consequential effects as greenhouse gasses accumulation in the atmosphere. Regular monitoring of production processes is vital in ensuring compliance to set standards for production. Governing the limited environmental resources poses a considerable challenge to responsible agencies and organizations. Amidst the high demand for and human consumption of natural resources, realization of sustainability of resources is a global environmental challenge. Prioritizing development planning, at national and international levels, is a vital tool to

Stop Playing the Blame Game Essay Example for Free

Stop Playing the Blame Game Essay Growing up children love to eat at McDonalds, Burger King, or their local pizza place. The fast food industry offers prepackaged, unhealthy foods that are marketed through advertisements and media as a kid friendly quick breakfast, lunch or dinner. Many blame obesity in children and young adults in the easy access to fast food. Is it fair to suggest that the numerous fast food places that are available are the leading factor in the increase of obesity amongst children? There are other factors that should be considered such as parents, lack of exercise, numerous amounts of hours spent in front of the television. David Zinczenko’s article â€Å"Don’t Blame the Eater† supports the hypothesis that the increase in obesity is caused by the easy access, affordable, numerous fast food restaurants that are available. He argues the availability of healthier food options by writing, â€Å"drive down any thoroughfare in America, and I guarantee you’ll see one of our country’s more than 13,000 McDonald’s restaurants. Now, drive back up the block and try to find someplace to buy a grapefruit† (Zinczenko 392). He utilizes his own personal story being raised by a single mother who worked two jobs and did not have a large amount of income coming in. Zinczenko notes, â€Å"By age 15, I had packed 212 pounds of torpid teenage tallow on my once lanky 5-foot-10 frame† (Zinczenko 392). He listed choices such as, Taco Bell and McDonalds as his daily meal choices due to the lack of healthy choices and alternatives that aligned with his situation as a child. Is extra weight he gained as a child Taco Bell’s fault? To some, this claim could be seen as ridiculous and lacks personal responsibility. Helen Lee reports on a study she performed to argue the hypothesis that local food availability such as fast food, and convenience stores explain the obesity increase and risk among school aged children. Helen Lee performed a study on school aged in children in low income and high income households. Lee utilized different tools and resources to report on children’s BMI and how it changes over time. The study brought attention to some astonishing results. Contrary to Zinczenko’s claim that grocery stores and healthier food choices are limited, Lee’s study finds that, â€Å"poor and minority neighborhoods not only have greater access to fast-food restaurants and convenience stores; they also have access to large-scale grocery stores and full service restaurant’s† (Lee). She also confirms from her research study that, â€Å"food outlet exposure holds no independent relationship to child weight gain† (Lee). Obesity in Children cannot solely be blamed on fast food services. Parents play a leading role in what their children consume. Lee provides relevant factors explaining obesity risk among young children: â€Å"For example, poor self-reported parental health is significantly associated with higher risk of weight gain, suggesting a relationship between parental health and child health. Television viewing is a highly significant predictor of BMI gains over time. For every additional hour per day of television viewing, there is a predicted 1. 5 percentile gain in BMI ranking by the end of fifth grade. Physical activity level is also important: increases in the number of days per week the child engaged in exercise significantly reduced their BMI gains†. (Lee) With this information it is safe to conclude that it is time to stop playing the blame game with your children’s health as well as your own. Take responsibility of your actions and live responsibly so that you may teach others to do the same. Works Cited Lee, Helen. The Role of Local Food Availability in Explaining Obesity Risk Among Young School-Aged Children. Social Science Medicine 74. 8 (2012): 1193-1203. Social Sciences Full Text (H. W. Wilson). Web. 24 Feb. 2013. Zinczenko, David. Don’t Blame the Eater. They Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing with Readings. Graff, Gerald. Cathy Birkenstein. Russel Durst. New York: Norton, 2012. 391-394. Print.

Fashion in 60s Essay -- essays research papers

If you look back through the past sixty years of fashion, you may notice a pattern. People may say that the true years of fashion began in the late nineteen forties and went on through the early nineteen sixties. If you look at fashion today, its almost repeated the look from sixty years ago. In each generation fashion trends become based on history and/or important events. in the nineteen forties fashion was being modeled by the military wear. World War II caused a drastic change in the way clothes were being made and worn. In the nineteen fifties Americans admired the fashion of movie stars and music artists. Media had a strong influence on the wordly trend. The people of the sixties expressed there personalities and emotions through there clothing. They wanted to look independent. By looking at these three generations, we can reflect on how fashion today maybe repeating itself. It is worthless to discuss fashion of the forties without first understanding the tremendous impact World War II had on everyday life during the early part of the decade. World War II changed the world of fashion forever. Severe restrictions were imposed on the apperal industry by the government (Keogh). For men the tailored silhoutte, with padded shoulders and a narrow waist and hips, were essentially frozen until the late nineteen forties (Keogh). Women were forced to recycle there clothing, or hand them down to other women when the clothing was not being used for example, the wedding dress, It was a way of conserving fabrics(Thomas). Most fabrics at the time were purchased " ready made". This meant that the fabrics were already sewn together to be worn. In some areas where blot fabrics could not be purchsed or blockades prevented shipments. Women would use the art of sewing, or making there own clothing by putting fabrics together. This was a more detailed but less expen sive way to get clothing (Thomas). The fabrics for clothing during the time of war that were being worn were very dull. Because of the depressing times women and men simplified there clothing. Fabrics were available mostly as solid colors, stripes, and plaids (Thomas). In an effort to comply with the restrictions imposed on them, American designers created a new style of suits for women. Skirts were short and straight topped by short jackets of twenty-five inches or less in length. Cardigans match... ...hen women tried to look like men, now in the sixties men had long hair and almost looked like women. The 60's were a time of change and challenge. They brought hippies, space age, folk music, and the Beatles. Women's skirts got shorter, men's hair got longer, and everyone talked about love. The 60's was characterized by the feeling that a break with the past had been achieved. Clothes, furniture, and products all looked newer, brighter, and more fun. The swinging 60's were at their height. Fashion in the 60's tended to encourage exhibitionism. Music and Media played a big role in fashion. Mary Quant was the fashion designer and entrepreneur responsible for the "London Look" of the 60's. A music group named the Beatles was a reason why london fashion became the new rage. Women and men adored the look for there favorite music group. The London look consisted of She was the inventor of the min-skirt and hot pantsShe proclaimed "good taste is death, vulgarity is life" and summarized the fashion of the 60's as "arrogant, aggressive and sexy." Although she is still designing today, she is largely known for her 60's creations.

Atticus, Throughout to Kill a Mockingbird Essay

Throughout the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, although Atticus Finch appears to be a loving and caring father, he proves himself to be more of a friend through the eyes of his children. The author, Harper lee, created Atticus to be a loyal friend to Jem Finch and Scout Finch. Atticus has potential to be a friend to his children because, first of all, the children call him by his first name. Secondly, he seldom scolds his children. Atticus has little or no rules set for his children to abide by. Lastly he does not try to mold his off springs into something they are not, though he does supply them with good advice. Typically adults and parents think that it is more respectful for children, particularly their own, to not call them by their first names. Jem and Scout refer to their father as â€Å"Atticus.† Scout asks her father, â€Å"Are we poor, Atticus?† (pg. 21) this shows that she calls her father by his first name on a regular basis. Jem says to his father while reque sting permission from him, â€Å"Atticus, if it’s alright with you†¦.† (pg. 61). This shows that even the older son refers to his father as Atticus. â€Å"†¦ Jem asked Atticus if he remembered anybody who ever won†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , as Scout narrates her story, she still refers to her father as â€Å"Atticus.† Throughout the story, Atticus never shows any sign of being offended or upset with his children calling him by his first name, like a friend. All through the novel, never once did Atticus scold his children for inappropriate behavior. The Finch’s had over a poor boy, named Walter. Scout insulted him with out understanding how it was rude,â€Å"†¦Atticus shook his head at me again. ‘But he’s gone and drowned his dinner with syrup†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬ (p24). All Atticus did was shake his head; he left the rest of the punishing up to Calpurnia, the nanny. When Jem and Scout snuck into the court case that they knew they were not supposed to be in, Atticus did not show the slightest bit of aggravation with them. â€Å"†¦A tticus and Calpurnia met us downstairs. Calpurnia looked peeved, but Atticus looked exhausted,†(pg. 206). When Jem got furious with a horrible old lady, Mrs. Dubose, he destroyed her garden out of anger. When Atticus found out that Jem did this, he says, â€Å"†¦I strongly advise you to go down and have a talk with Mrs. Dubose†¦come straight home afterward.†(pg. 104). Normally, if friends get upset with each other, they do not have the right to â€Å"punish† their friend. Atticus has that right as a parent, but chooses not to use it. Many parents set rules and restrictions for their children. Atticus, for some reason, does not feel it necessary for his two young children to have rules to abide by. The only rules that he ever gave to his children were to not go near the â€Å"Radley house† anymore after they had been teasing Boo Radley in the front yard. It is not common for friends to set rules for one another, but very common for parents to want their children to know where their boundaries lye. Jem and Scout don’t have any rules set by their father to follow, and no known consequences for breaking any rules. Atticus Finch does not try to influence his ideas or beliefs about things on his children. He does not â€Å"make† his children into something they are not, just because that’s what he believes. Most parents try to get their off springs to believe the same things they do, or want the same things they want. Atticus just teaches his kids to the best of his ability through his advice. When the teacher, Miss Caroline, was upset with the fact that Scout was being taught how to read by her father, Scout got the idea of not liking school anymore. Atticus made a compromise with her saying that if she was good in class, then he would continue reading to her. This shows that Atticus was not going to force Scout to like school just because he thought it was a good decision. When scout got into a fight with Cecil Jacobs, Atticus said, â€Å"†¦you just hold your head high and keep your fists down. No matter what anybody tells you, don’t let ‘em get your goat. Try fighting with your head for a change, it’s a good one†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 79) this is important because it shows that he is not forcing his daughter to think some way, or be someone else, he is not even getting mad at her; he is just giving her good advice. When Jem and Scout got guns for Christmas, Atticus told them one thing, â€Å"†¦Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.† This shows that Atticus is not threatening his children with this statement, he is just simply giving them the best advice he can in this situation. Friends do not expect each other believe the same things they believe, but just hope that people will take their advice into thought. Throughout the novel although Atticus Finch appears to be a loving and caring father, he proves himself to be more of a friend through the eyes of his children. He shows himself to have much potential as a loyal friend to his children. Maybe Atticus as a loyal friend to Jem and Scout was more meaningful than him being a father figure.

The Pros and Cons of Police Discretion

Drawing the line between the appropriate functions of discretion among members of the police force remains to be an important component of policing. With the discovery of police discretion, there had been different debates as to its importance and hindrance in the application of law within communities. Many arguments have been placed as a result of such discovery and have prompted different set of opinions and views concerning its continued practice.In the end, by actively enforcing the needs of accountability and the synchronization of processes, the process of discretion can be minimized or limited at a certain extent wherein it is due compliant with the rule of law and objective in nature. The way policing has been practiced in the realms of law enforcement has spurred an enhanced approach in the dealing with crime prevention and maintenance of peace and security within a particular community. However, the subjectivity of interpretation among police officers when it comes to exerc ising discretion has resulted in various criticisms since its discovery.Due to this, there had been clamors for the abolishment and the promotion of its control. The paper seeks to showcase the relative pros and cons of police discretion. By showcasing its relative strengths and weaknesses, it exposes the reality behind the subjectivity and bias of such actions. Realizing such scenario, there is a need for a redefinition and structuring of police objectives that will ensure the application of the rules and laws while at the same time ensuring that police discretion is rooted on objectivity and accountability.Defining Discretion Before dwelling deeper in the relative strengths and weaknesses of police discretion, it is first important to emphasize on its meaning and its relationship with the police practice. By properly defining the term ‘discretion’, it may be proper to link it to the police practice since such term is associated with different meanings. Linking it with policing objectives, the term ‘discretion’ must actively partake and coincide with (1) judgment, (2) choice, (3) discernment, (4) liberty and (5) license (APSU, 2001).Seeing such, ‘discretion’ means the freedom in making choices responsibly under the circumstances aforementioned. â€Å"Discretion designates power or freedom to judge and decide what needs to be done in a particular situation† (Seri, p. 2). Establishing parameters and causes Also before elaborating on the strengths and weaknesses of police discretion, it is also proper to point out the relative causes of such concept and how it has cultivated the development of such practice. Determining such parameters, one must look at the variables or factors that enhance police judgments and leads them to practice discretion.Examples include (1) offender variables, (2) situation variables, and (3) system variables (APSU, 2001). Under the element of offender variables, the practice of subjectivity and prejudice somehow are manifested in the practice of law enforcement. â€Å"Gender and mental health status affect how police handle many incidents† (APSU, 2001). Such issue only brings about unequal practice and in the facilitation of sanctions and punishments for different violations. Another important variable involves the situation where the police enforces and uses discretion.It is in this situation that the priority is given on things that are unimportant rather than the actual case (APSU, 2001). This lack of logical judgment on what matters most often results in a biased and inaccurate results. Lastly, the system in a society also serves as an important and tool for the practice of discretion among the police force. The actual practice of discretion is dependent on the current situations that a system might be facing. Such system in relationship with discretion varies, that is why such practice also is different depending on the particular situation.(APSU, 2001) Pos itive Outcomes After the discussion concerning its definition and relative parameters and causes, the paper will highlight the positive outcomes of police discretion. One important outcome of the issue is that it legitimizes the role of the police not only as the protector of laws but at the same time they are given the interpreting power to analyze situations. â€Å"The police enjoy innumerable opportunities for discretionary judgment and wider margins of discretion than any other sector within the state apparatus† (Seri, p. 3).Another important outcome of the said practice is that it creates a different aura for the police force that practice discretion. The creation of laws are only relevant if they are ought to be enforced and practiced. â€Å"Their discretionary power allows police officers to transform the spirit of laws. With their interpretation of a particular issue, there is a legitimization of its overall hold of a particular society in creating control† (Se ri, p. 3) The practice of discretion also improves the way police enforces the rules and regulations stipulated by the law.Since they serve as the executor and protector of such laws, they are expected to address every challenges and hurdles given to them. â€Å"Like other â€Å"street level bureaucrats†, police officers must adapt to law and norms on specific situations, deciding on the extent which legal policy extend reflects the original law on the books† (Seri, p. 3). Lastly, the practice of police discretion is an important factor of police power and the maintenance of its hold and grasp of people within a particular community.The concept of discretion in itself is creating the determination of who are good and law-abiding citizens and who are criminals (Seri, p. 4). Such power remains to be vital in the overall functions of police practice. Negative Consequences Given the positive influences that police discretion creates, there are also implications in such pra ctice. One important consequence is the relative abuse of power among police officers in the issue of discretion. Such actions often emanates on both the extremity and unequal judgment given by authorities.â€Å"The exercise of police discretion to stop, search, arrest or charge suspects is now regarded as inevitable and not necessarily improper, given the limits of police resources, variations in the seriousness of offending behaviours and the inappropriateness of criminal law for dealing with some situations of conflict and disorder† (Bergen, 2005, p. 127). In addition, there seems to be a lapse and undue changing of laws that somehow have been an effect of irresponsible police discretion.Prior to its original function of responsible practice under the basis of laws, there is now a scenario that challenges the foundation of accountability and laws. â€Å"Discretion allows the police to challenge mechanisms of accountability and to erode the laws and rules that they are req uired to enforce, in part because of the proactive character of policing and the limited, retroactive character of accountability† (Seri, p. 4) Such misuse can create different problematic instances in the realm of law enforcement.The practice of discretion is often times biased and prejudiced upon citizens and results in a negative impression and simplification among races and ethnicity in society. There are â€Å"instances of police stereotyping, harassment and breaches of basic human rights† (Bergen, 2005, p. 127-128). Controlling Police Discretion Given the relative importance and challenges brought about by the issue of police discretion, there needs to be a controlling mechanism that will seek to prevent the misuse and abuse of power by police. By controlling such concept, the process becomes objective, justified, fair and equal.The last part of the paper seeks to showcase several approaches in creating a fair avenue for police discretion while at the same time ad dressing the individual needs of citizens as far as safety and security is concerned. One important realization is that police will continue to use discretion. (Kelling, 1999, p. 38). But in this setup, instead of creating an avenue for unjust and subjective interpretations, the manner in which it shall be applied should be dependent on a basis; laws and regulations in a particular state.Doing such actions can help enhance and prevent the process of bias and prejudice in apprehending alleged violators. Another vital criterion that can be exhausted in the process is the creation of rules and standards on as to how police practice discretion. Such feat may prove to be difficult in nature due to its relatively varied and diverse situations; however by making standards and rules, there can be a synchronized way of facilitating and improving the practice of discretion. It is a practice that is characterized as fair and equal treatment among different people.Moreover, there needs to be co ntinued training and development among police officers concerning amendments and changes in laws. Being familiar with such tenets can help prevent the occurrence of abuse and misuse of power. By actively cooperating among the citizenry and the academy, policemen/women can have a fair advantage and at the same time understanding within the community. (Kelling, 1999, p. 41). Accountability is the one often undermined and stepped on when police misuse their discretion.That is why, there needs to be a constant effort to enhance accountability while preserving the ability of the police to practice discretion. There needs to be an establishment of â€Å"accountability standards that identify competent and/or excellent performance violations of organizational rules, and incompetent and uncaring work, including performance with organizational rules† (Kelling, 1999, p. 38). Conclusions Indeed police discretion poses both positive and negative consequences in the community and society. On a high note, its importance in the practice of enforcement can clearly be seen. However, due to its uncontrolled state, it often leads to abuse and misuse among members of the police force. In the end, there is a need to control the practice of police discretion by placing and putting accountability and other important standards that can help prevent bias and subjectivity. In the end, after all such efforts had been made it still boils down to one common theme; the protection and maintenance of security among member of the community and society.

computers1 essays

computers1 essays Computers: Past, Present, and Future Computers have been around for years and help a great deal at home and in the workplace. I have owned a computer for about three years now and it has been very helpful when it comes to projects and type-written essays. I have completed schoolwork and projects more times than I can count. Not only can you use the computer for word-processing programs, but for games and online service as well. I have used AOL for a couple of years and have found that there are some problems with it so now I use Costco. A person can spend hours on the computer whether online or not. Usually I spend most of my time online because it takes a long time for things to be found sometimes. You can find anything online from a new or used car, tickets to your favorite football game, or even just chatting with some friends so you dont have to tie up the phone line all the time. There is a webpage for almost anything that a person can think of. Sports, news all over the world, traveling information, music, and much more. All you have to do is type in a specific word that you are looking for and the computer will find it for you. The workplace is an important place for a computer as well. Now days almost every company consists of a few computers to perform basic tasks for the company. Even a small company such as a local pub may have a computer to do all the cashier calculations. Computers are beginning to take over the workplace and are making less jobs for people. Computers can solve problems and do mathematical things so a person doesnt have to. Different companies have certain programs that fit for that one company. For a banking company, they may use a program that does math and may put peoples names in a certain order to make it easier to get in and out without wasting too much time. I worked at Home Depot for a while and they used computers fo...

Introduction to the Lapita Cultural Complex

Introduction to the Lapita Cultural Complex The Lapita culture is the name given to the artifactual remains associated with the people who settled the area east of the Solomon Islands called Remote Oceania between 3400 and 2900 years ago. The earliest Lapita sites are located in the Bismarck islands, and within 400 years of their founding, the Lapita had spread over an area of 3,400 kilometers, stretching through the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia, and eastward to Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa. Located on small islands and the coasts of larger islands, and separated from one another by as much as 350 kilometers, the Lapita lived in villages of stilt-legged houses and earth-ovens, made distinctive pottery, fished and exploited marine and aquacultural resources, raised domestic chickens, pigs and dogs, and grew fruit- and nut-bearing trees. Lapita Cultural Attributes Pottery making workshop demonstrating Lapita pottery styles as part of Heritage Month 2017 in New Caledonia. Gà ©rard Lapita pottery consists of mostly plain, red-slipped, coral sand-tempered wares; but a small percentage are ornately decorated, with intricate geometric designs incised or stamped onto the surface with a fine-toothed dentate stamp, perhaps made of turtle or clamshell. One often-repeated motif in Lapita pottery is what appears to be stylized eyes and nose of a human or animal face. The pottery is built, not wheel thrown, and low-temperature fired. Other artifacts found at Lapita sites include shell tools including fishhooks, obsidian, and other cherts, stone adzes, personal ornaments such as beads, rings, pendants and carved bone. That artifacts are not completely uniform throughout Polynesia, but rather seem to be spatially variable. Tattooing The practice of tattooing has been reported in ethnographic and historical records throughout the Pacific, by one of two methods: cutting and piercing. In some cases, a series of very small cuts is made to create a line, and then pigment was rubbed into the open wound. A second method involves the use of a sharp point which is dipped into the prepared pigment and then used to pierce the skin. Evidence for tattooing in Lapita cultural sites has been identified in the form of small flake points made by alternating retouch. These tools sometimes categorized as gravers have a typically square body with a point raised well above the body. A 2018 study combining use-wear and residue analysis was conducted by Robin Torrence and colleagues on a collection of 56 such tools from seven sites. They found a considerable variation across time and space as to how the tools were used to intentionally introduce charcoal and ochre into wounds to create a permanent mark on the skin. Origins of the Lapita Young men in canoes in Northwest Malakula, Vanuatu.   Russell Gray Heidi Colleran (Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) In 2018, a multidisciplinary study of DNA by the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History reported support for ongoing multiple explorations of greater Oceania beginning about 5,500 years ago. The study led by Max Planck researcher Cosimo Posth looked at the DNA of 19 ancient individuals across Vanuatu, Tonga, French Polynesia and the Solomon islands, and 27 inhabitants of Vanuatu. Their results indicate that the earliest Austronesian expansion began 5,500 years ago, starting from modern-day Taiwan, and ultimately carrying people as far westward as far as Madagascar and eastward to Rapa Nui. About 2,500 years ago, people from the Bismarck archipelago began arriving on Vanuatu, in multiple waves, marrying into the Austronesian families. The continual influx of people from the Bismarcks must have been fairly small, because islanders today still speak Austronesian, rather than Papuan, as would be expected, given that the initial genetic Austronesian ancestry seen in the ancient DNA has been almost completely replaced in the modern residents.   Decades of research have identified obsidian outcrops used by the Lapita in the Admiralty Islands, West New Britain, Fergusson Island in the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, and the Banks Islands in Vanuatu. Obsidian artifacts found in datable contexts on Lapita sites throughout Melanesia have allowed researchers to refine the previously established massive colonization efforts of the Lapita sailors. Archaeological Sites Lapita, Talepakemalai in the Bismarck Islands; Nenumbo in the Solomon Islands; Kalumpang (Sulawesi); Bukit Tengorak (Sabah); Uattamdi on Kayoa Island; ECA, ECB aka Etakosarai on Eloaua Island; EHB or Erauwa on Emananus Island; Teouma on Efate Island in Vanuatu; Bogi 1, Tanamu 1, Moriapu 1, Hopo, in Papua New Guinea Sources Johns, Dilys Amanda, Geoffrey J. Irwin, and Yun K. Sung. An Early Sophisticated East Polynesian Voyaging Canoe Discovered on New Zealands Coast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.41 (2014): 14728–33. Print.Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth. Ancient DNA and the Human Settlement of the Pacific: A Review. Journal of Human Evolution 79 (2015): 93–104. Print.Posth, Cosimo, et al. Language Continuity Despite Population Replacement in Remote Oceania. Nature Ecology Evolution 2.4 (2018): 731–40. Print.Skelly, Robrt, et al. Tracking Ancient Beach-Lines Inland: 2600-Year-Old Dentate-Stamped Ceramics at Antiquity 88.340 (2014): 470–87. Print.Hopo, Vailala River Region, Papua New Guinea.Specht, Jim, et al. Deconstructing the Lapita Cultural Complex in the Bismarck Archipelago. Journal of Archaeological Research 22.2 (2014): 89–140. Print.Torrence, Robin, et al. Tattooing Tools and the Lapita Cultural Complex. Archaeology in Oceania 53.1 (2018): 58â⠂¬â€œ73. Print.Valentin, Frà ©dà ©rique, et al. Early Lapita Skeletons from Vanuatu Show Polynesian Craniofacial Shape: Implications for Remote Oceanic Settlement and Lapita Origins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113.2 (2016): 292–97. Print.

Analyse the ways in which sociologist point to the social nature of Essay

Analyse the ways in which sociologist point to the social nature of living with cancer as a teenager - Essay Example This is the moment that human beings use to plan for their future lives and school life. It is also the most vibrant stage in the human lifecycle because teenagers experience major changes in their bodies and they discover who they are i.e. their personality traits, likes and dislikes. Teenagers are also highly active and interactive thereby developing a large social network. However, this is not always the case with teenagers suffering from cancer. The diagnosis, treatment and management of cancer greatly interfere with the activities of this critical growth stage (Wawsczczyk 2005). According to sociologists this is the stage in life where teenagers learn to be independent from their parents and family members thereby focusing more on their future. However, this is not possible for teenagers suffering from cancer because they need utmost support, attention and care from their parents and family members for emotional, psychological and social support. Therefore, such teenagers are taken a step back from discovering their independence, potential, strengths and weaknesses (Kleinman1988). Also the school life, social life and employment are put on hold for an unknown period of time, which is in contrast to what should be happening in their lives. This is because they become isolated from their peers, adults and school; which is an important social setting for a child’s growth. Cancer treatment is too severe for them to concentrate in school work or find lenient jobs that are conducive to their state of health. It is also quite common for insurance companies to cancel insurance policies for such teenagers because they are not in school. Insurance companies demand that all children still living under the care of their parents should be attending school to enjoy the benefits of the life insurance policies taken by their parents (Wawsczczyk 2005). Various surveys and research conducted by sociologists

Managing Challenges of Cross Cultural Differences in International Essay

Managing Challenges of Cross Cultural Differences in International Business - Essay Example Overview of National Culture & Cross Cultural Differences Culture is a key factor in gaining an insight in to how people behave in different countries, their preferences, attitudes, values and beliefs (Cundiff & Hilger 1988). Their can be implicit and explicit elements of culture embodied in rituals, symbols, gestures, traditions and mannerisms which results in diversity in communication and interaction process within a cross cultural setting (Trompenaar, F. & Hamden-Turner, C. 1998). It is therefore important to understand the underlying national cultures which shape each nation’s interrelations including business dealings (Ohmae, K. 1982). As per Hofstede, culture is â€Å"collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another† (Hofstede, G. 1984. Page 21). While there are various models and theories, which attempts to explain cross cultural differences, some well established explanations of national culture can be found in Fons Trompenaar & Charles Hampden-Turner’s model of Seven Dimensions of Culture; Geert Hofstede’s Indices of Work Related Values and The theory of Silent Languages of Culture proposed by Hall. 3. Overview of the Countries in Context United States Of America As a forerunner in business and trade, political affairs and social change, United States of America is a country which has a diverse and multicultural social environment.Driven by cultural values such as innovation, independence and individualism, (Hill 2003) American society allowes for social mobility depicted by the â€Å"American Dream.† ... Analysis of Cross Cultural Similarities & Differences While there may exist certain cultural similarities between nations, the implications it carries for business may vary. The analysis focuses on identifying cultural similarities and differences, which exists between USA, Japan and India. 4.1 Treatment of Agreements and Legal process This can be assessed within the dimension of Universalism vs. Particularism, where universalism places greater importance upon the rules in the society while the particularism focus on the circumstances involved when making decisions about what is right and wrong (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner 1998). USA, which is a highly universalistic culture, places greater emphasis upon business contracts, rules and regulations but in contrast, Japan and India which are more particularistic cultures considers circumstances and relationships more in making decisions. Halls language of friendship can also be used in assessing this cross-cultural aspect. The Americans tend to make friends easily and quickly but these are of transient nature. The Japanese tend to take time in forming relationships but their commitment to the relationship is high. Even if disputes arise, Japanese try reconciliation process while Americans resort quickly to litigation process (Weiss 2001). Indians too choose more in formal means of resolving issues than litigation but are generally quick in establishing relationships.

CGS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CGS - Essay Example An African’s survival depended on perpetual migration and adaptation to the conditions one found in the new destination. On the slave ship, she depended on her skills in midwifery that she had learned from her mother to survive. Her destination in America was South Carolina where she was auctioned off to an indigo plantation. In this plantation, she has to adapt herself to her environment by learning the Buckra language (Hill 345). The aspect of migration here is not only physical and geographical but also mental and psychological. Aminata was forced to migrate from the native challenges of Africa to those of new diseases and illnesses. Aminata was forced to migrate from the indigo plantation when her master took away her baby. She abandoned her duty of working on the farm, which was the reason her master’s decision to sell her off to Lindo. Her new master treats her as a servant, which is better than a slave was treated. Under this status, she has to pay rent and take care of her own expenses. She has to relocate to Charles town where her new master resides. The outbreak of the American Revolution brings with it an opportunity for Aminata to escape from Charles town. Her master returns to the Carolinas while Aminata goes back to midwifery for survival. Her knowledge of many languages comes in handy to help her survive in Nova Scotia where she is involved in the writing of the book of Negroes. The book contains the names of blacks who have agreed to fight for the British army. The British were beaten during the American Revolution and they had to retreat out of the 13 colonies they had in America. They carried with them the black slaves who had fought alongside them in the war. These were the names contained in the book of Negroes. This serves as a reminder of the history of the black community in the USA and a unification factor. Her ability to adapt to different situations is one of the

Human Resource Management at McDonalds

Human Resource Management at McDonalds Human resource management is the basis of all management activity, but it is not the basis of all business activity. The basis of management is always the same: getting the people of the business to make things happen in a productive way, so that the business prospers and the people thrive. Torrington et al (2005:4) Human Resource can be say to be the strategic and coherent approach management of an organisations most valued assets. The people working these individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business. Human resource is one of the important parts of any organisation management in the 21st century and up still date. Any corporate firm can get competitor advantage by human resource. The term Human resources can be viewed in two contrasting ways. Placing emphasis on the word Human implies that an organisations assets are valuable human beings with feelings and aspirations that should be respected and nurtured. Highlighting the word resource may have the effect of devaluing the human element by relegating people to a mere resource that is to be deployed as effectively and efficiently as possible, like a piece of machinery. These associated have been embodied as soft and hard HRM (storey, 1992). Soft HRM is often associated with quality-enhancing and value-adding measures, whereas hard HRM is linked to cost-cutting and cost minimization strategies (Schuler and Jackson, 1987). Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management Strategy human resource management is very important because it help to resolve the problems that affect people management programs in the organisation. In every organisation, the employee and customers are very important and the try to listen to their employee and resolve whatever complains from them or the customer. This will help to increase the performance of the organisation. Strategy human resource management also help to improve a business performance and foster an environment of innovation and flexibility among employees. Strategy human resource management help about assessing the companys internal strength and weakness. This is very important as the strengths and weaknesses of the companys human resources have a direct effect on the future of the company. It also helps to check whether the expectations of the employee are addressed properly. The management of Strategy human resource management try to provide the right strategy that will enable the employee to work in a very safe environment and make sure those employees expectation are look into one after the other. Strategy human resource management help to develop the maintainer of competency among workers and it also help to motivate workers to perform their job properly and increase productions. From the above we can see that strategic human resource is now coming to play a very important role in todays business word. Strategy human resource management is all about strategically managing a businesss human resource in a manner that works to the overall benefit of the business. Strategy human resources deal with organisational performance and systems of practice and human resources management deal with an individual employee performance. The role of strategy human resources management or human resources management is to establish a system of human resources management practices that transforms middling work performance to human assets and sustaining the heightened work motivation, expanded job opportunities, and unique skill, knowledge and abilities. http://www.smallbusinessbible.org/strategic_humanr_management.html Comparison of SHRM with HRM The difference between strategy human resources management and human resources management is that strategy human resources management is strategy and human resources management is not, although some resources suggest that strategy human resources management is actually one of the applications of human resources management within an enterprise. The key feature where the two ideas are connected is that they are precisely in approach toward people management. BRIEF HISTORY OF MCDONALDS McDonalds started as a burger brand in 1940 and it was formed by two Brother Richard and Maurice McDonald in San Bernardino, California. It progressed from a hotdog stand into one of the worlds leading restaurant chain. By 1953, McDonalds brothers began franchising their restaurant and the first was taken by Neil Fox who opened in other parts of California. McDonalds Corporation came into existence in 1954 after an entrepreneur and milkshake mixer salesman Ray Kroc acquired the franchise of McDonalds outside California after which he bought the business rights from the McDonalds brothers for $2.7 million in 1961. By 1974 the first restaurant in the UK opened and 1988, they had opened in the communist country in Belgrade, Yugoslavia later in Moscow, China and India. In 2003, the Im loving it campaign was launched and by 2005, McDonalds started a Mc Delivery service in Singapore. McDonalds has been looking for a growth strategy for a very long time. And their foreign operation amount for more than half the companys revenue. McDonald has over 30,000 restaurants over 100 countries in the world today. And they maintain the top position in the fast food industry for the past 50 years. Amongst the award bagged by McDonalds is the Catalyst award for its program for fostering leadership development in women and McDonalds has been backing the summer Olympics since 1984. Business strategy of McDonalds in the UK Employment planning: McDonalds try to make the right plans in employing the right number of staffs that the organisation need at the right time. This is the process by which the organisation attempt to ensure that it has the right number of qualified people in the right place and at the right time. Selection: McDonalds involves in choosing from the available candidates the individual predicted to be most likely to perform successfully in the job. They select but the skills and unskilled individual and try to train them in other to make them understand the objective of the organisation. Selection is not always the best process of employing staffs in the organisation because skills will be lack. Training: McDonalds also used the training strategy to improve and develop the skills of the workers in the organisation. Although training is very important in most organisation but its better to bring the right people with the right skill and then give them the right training so they will understand better and know the objective of the training. Education: The management of McDonald provide education for some staffs that are really willing to retain in the organisation. This education is to improve their performance and to give them more ideas about the economic and how the business is operating. Performance: The Company always chose a right time to check the performance of their workers. The performance of the worker can help the company to make the right changes at the right time and the right department of the workers. These has help MacDonald to build a better services. Pay: Macdonald is a big restaurant with so many branches around the world and helps to reduce the unemployment around us. The Company give a good pay to their staffs and encourage them to work. Staff retention: Macdonald tries to keep their staffs and give them promotions to enable them become a manager of a branch someday in the future. Staff retention is very important to most organisations. This will help the staffs to know what really is happening within the organisation and try to suggest a best opinion to fight that out. Contribution of Strategy Human Resource in McDonald Staffing- McDonald should try to get people with the appropriate skills, knowledge, abilities, and experience to fulfil the organisation objectives. Rewards McDonald need to give reward to the staffs who work very hard in development of the organisation. Employee development- the organisation should also help in developing the staffs through providing training and knowledge for them in other to perform a good job. Employee maintenance- maintaining staffs is important in the development of the company. The administration is should try to encourage the staff and reward them in the good job done. Many organisations try to establish why people leave by conducting exit interviews but these are rarely sufficiently accurate, as many people will not give the full reason why they are leaving for fear of jeopardising future reference requirement or because they may wish to return to the organisation at some later stage. There organisation should make sure they try to maintain and look after their staff in other to keep them happy. Employee relation McDonald should develop the relationship between the staffs and the management in other to bring up a smiling environment within the work place. CONCLUSION McDonalds is seen as a global restaurant offering a range of products in a highly competitive and fragmented market. The company must positively respond to both internal and external issues to avoid losing sales and market share. They have been able to achieve a broad scope of business activity as they adopt the cost leadership strategy. There offer food prepared in the same high quality manner worldwide, tasty and reasonable priced delivered in a consistent low key and friendly environment. The opportunities and threats present in the environment enables managers to look both internally and externally to direct their strategy from the information given as it allows them to know their weakness and guard against them as well as make use of opportunities available to them. SHRM NEW MANAGER IN MCDONALDS As the manager of McDonalds, the percentage of highly skilled labour/ talent recruitment will be increase, but low skilled will be reduce as they are the ones directly involved in preparing food and serving customers. Human resource strategy in McDonalds encourage employee involvement and engagement to improve customer service but recruitment and selection in McDonalds is of little emphasis as the nature of the job is mechanical hence most of their recruits are fast learners who can learn on the job rather quickly. There is a rare case of training and development of staff as they are low skilled and the need for the need for developing them would not be beneficial to the corporation. The strategy of McDonalds is based on concept of Michael Porters differentiation and low- cost leadership as their products are mass produced and cost can be reduced by doing this, the threat this can cause is that its competitors like Burger King and KFC can also mass produce at a low cost. Differentiation can be described as marketing technique used by a McDonalds to establish strong identity in the restaurant business. It can also be called segmentation strategy. In McDonalds, there is a huge number of unskilled labours whose employment contact are mostly on short term basis, hence the need for a huge pension budget will not be necessary, this will be seen as an opportunity for the corporation to save revenue. Also in areas of training and development, since they train on the job and there is no series of further training carried out, the corporation does not lose skill and revenue when such employees decide to terminate their employment. (McDonalds Strategic Human Resources Management available at http://www.scribd.com/doc/26247206/Mcdonald-s-Strategic-Human-Resource.

Critical Analysis of Golding’s Use of Tone in Lord Of The Flies :: Free Essay Writer

Critical Analysis of Golding’s Use of Tone in Lord Of The Flies When viewing the atrocities of today's world on television, the starving children, the wars, the injustices, one cannot help but think that evil is rampant in this day and age. However, people in society must be aware that evil is not an external force embodied in a society but resides within each person. Man has both good qualities and faults. He must come to control these faults in order to be a good person. In the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding deals with this same evil which exists in all of his characters. With his mastery of such literary tools as structure, syntax, diction and imagery, The author creates a cheerless, sardonic tone to convey his own views of the nature of man and man’s role within society. The use of diction is powerful, with the gripping use of words and description. Golding creates tension and reinforces his theme and tone with the use of specific words. Many are connotative and therefore create a story abundant in meaning and symbolism. Golding uses colors such as pink to symbolize particular things such as innocence, as shown in the piglets and the island. The word yellow makes the reader think of the sun, enlightenment and Ralph; the words black and red bring to mind evil, blood and Jack. With the use of words the author also creates the novel's own private symbols that are key to the tone. The conch comes to symbolize authority, democracy and order. Upon the mentioning Piggy's glasses, images of insight and reason come to mind. With this highly connotative language, Golding creates many contrasts as well to convey his underlying theme. He compares the dazzling beach's "pink granite" [Page 12], green feathered palm trees and endless sand [Page 10] to the "darkness of the forest", full of "broken trunks", "cables of creepers" [page 28], and dense vegetation. He also compares the day's "torrid sun" [Page 176] to the night which makes everything as "dim and strange as the bottom of the sea" [Page 62]. The lagoon's security and the dangerous open sea are also contrasted when Golding qualifies them as "still as a mountain lake" [Page 10], "dark blue" [Page 31] and "deep sea" [page 62]. Golding also uses dark and inherently bad words such as "dark", "Jack", "broken", "torri d", "coarse" and "splintered" to describe sinister things and euphonious words such as "feathers", "glittering fish" and "Ralph" to describe more peaceful things.

Counseling

Hello there! My name is Clement Benedicts Running or in short you can call me Clement. Clement comes from Latin, which I have made sure of directly from my parents, and has the meaning of mild, good, and merciful. Benedicts comes from Benedict and has a context of being blessed. Whilst Running is my family name. In the sense of being Curious of where my name came from or even thought of by my parents, I asked my mother once on why she named me Clement Benedicts.My oldest sisters name is Calamine Beatrice, the second being Scholars Benedicts, and hush, to make It rhyme, my mom thought of the name Clement Benedicts. And yes, all of us have the Initial of CB, which Is really adorable. My home country Is In Indonesia, an archipelago In south east of Asia. The one thing I'm In love with my home country Is Its traditional food; the diversity and variety of the taste reminded me of what home Is like. Rending, one of Indonesian traditional food, was even voted and declared as the best food I n the world according to Conn's pick of delicious food.Indonesia, in my opinion, is the best place for a luminary travel: the exoticness of street food will definitely blow your mind away. The one thing I also love about my home is country is that it is the place where my families are; being away thousands of miles from my family has jolted me that family is everything and I should always treasure it wherever I am. I chose foothill because of my friend's recommendation. He said that the school is located in the foot of a mountain and makes it really cozy for him to study.In love with the weather of mountains, I decided that foothill should be the best place to examine my study. I'm majoring at business administration right now because I like to study how corporations or firms do their things and how they circulate the economy. I want to transfer to University of Michigan, Ann Arbor to study either business or economy; the reason is that my sister is also there and Eve read that Ann Arbor is one of the best places to be a student which I'm planning to go there for my winter break.I don't really have a dream Job right now, but I do have a dream, that is to travel all ever the world and enjoy everything I see while meeting a lot of people from different countries and also different cultures. Counseling By Clement-Running the sense of being curious of where my name came from or even thought of by my oldest sister's name is Calamine Beatrice, the second being Classics Benedicts, and thus, to make it rhyme, my mom thought of the name Clement Benedicts. And yes, all of us have the initial of CB, which is really adorable.My home country is in Indonesia, an archipelago in south east of Asia. The one thing I'm in love with my home country is its traditional food; the diversity and variety of the taste reminded me of what home is like. Rending, one of Indonesian traditional food, was even voted and declared as the best food in the world according culinary travel; the exo ticness of street food will definitely blow your mind away. The families are; being away thousands of miles from my family has Jolted me that family I don't really have a dream Job right now, but I do have a dream, that is to travel all

Historical events Essay

Depending on the political views of a reporter, columnist, author, or news agency, the facts can be reported in a variety of different ways. This can often cause controversy regarding the truth, as different sources report differing things as being true. This is also true when speaking of historical events, as different people will speak differently of different events, depending on their political affiliation and beliefs. By slating the information in a particular way, the reporter can further his or her own political agenda, by making his or her beliefs seem like the right ones. If a person is a conservative politically, it would not make much sense for him or her to report the news in a manner that would support liberalism and vice versa. This is apparent in the way that Fox News and CNN report the news on a daily bases. There are clearly some political biases that distort the fact, in order to best serve the beliefs held by the people at these agencies. In a historical sense, it would not make much sense for a government to re-tell history in a manner that makes it seem tyrannical or even blood thirsty, so based on these political goals, the government can simply choose to leave certain aspects of history out. This makes it possible for them to manipulate public opinion in the manner that best compliments their objectives. An example of how the manner in which a news story is reported can change the entire event is perceived is a recent story that was picked up by both Fox News and CNN. The story was about a tour that President George W. Bush and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld embarked on in order to increase support for the war in Iraq. While the exact same speech was covered by both news agencies, the information that was passed on to the public was different in each case. Fox News focused on the positives that had been accomplished in Iraq. It started by giving numbers on how many Iraqi soldiers had been trained to fight insurgents in the region. Rumsfeld was quoted as saying that â€Å"95 battalions, 50,000 of the 212,000 Iraqi force, are trained, equipped and in the fight against insurgents† (Baier). Fox also made a point of mentioning how Iraqi forces were taking an increased role in the stabilization of Iraq and they were well on their way to being able to defend their own country. Fox continued on by including Rumsfeld’s quote that withdrawing troops from Iraq would be counter productive to their anti-terror movement and would â€Å"put the United States ‘at still greater risk’† (Baier). Fox News did not forget to mention how George Bush said that he has a strategy for victory, despite the fact that no specific strategy is discussed. Lastly, Fox News included Rumsfeld’s claim that â€Å"most citizens in Iraq are not supporting their (the insurgents’) cause† (Baier). By comparison, CNN took this story in a completely different direction by adding negative views on the war to its coverage. CNN begins by mentioning that the war is becoming â€Å"increasingly unpopular† (Bush: No Iraq Pullout Without Victory) in the United States. CNN continues on with its unflattering views by saying, â€Å"About 159,000 troops are in Iraq, up from about 138,000 in the summer† (Bush: No Iraq Pullout Without Victory). This shows how unsuccessful the Bush administration has been at accomplishing its goal of getting the troops out of Iraq. The CNN articles also reminds the reader that the war began under the assumption that Iraq was in possession of weapons of mass destruction and that despite this claim, no weapons had been found in the country. This is something that the government would desperately like the people to forget, but CNN will not let them. CNN also gives figures on the death toll of American troops in Iraq. This is another soft spot, as those who oppose the war often bring up the fact that many American soldiers have died fighting in a war that has no point. A quick mention is also given of anti-war demonstrators that showed up while Bush was speaking. Fox made no mention of this because it is very anti-Bush. Finally, CNN’s coverage of this story included the opinions of Senator Jack Reed, who is a Democrat from Rhode Island. His opinions are anti-Bush, due to his political affiliation. Reed comments add to the negative picture this article paints of Bush. These two articles cover the exact same thing, but they are obviously spun in very different directions. While some of the same quotes are used in both stories, they are not used in the same manner. Due to their conservative viewpoints, which coincide with the Republican Party’s viewpoints, Fox News focuses on the positives that are coming out of Iraq. Since Fox News is seen as a supporter of the Bush administration, it will slant its stories to paint Bush and his associated in a positive manner. Fox also does not include any opposing statements or differing points of view in its article, which gives the reader the impression that what they are reporting is the only opinion of this subject matter. CNN, on the other hand, is better at exploring both sides of the story. This article is more centerist than anything else, as it presents both sides of the story, although perhaps not equally. CNN says a lot of negative things about the war in Iraq, due to its liberal ideology, but it also does include what Rumsfeld said about certain things. CNN’s coverage does not follow one particular political ideology but can rather be interpreted as anti-conservative which, in turn, makes it anti-Bush. Seeing as how a story that quotes both Bush and Rumsfeld would only give one political view, CNN brought in the help of a Democratic Senator, in order to give a differing ideology on the matter. Both of these networks take the events that occurred, and organize them in a manner that will appeal to their viewers the most, even though both of them leave things out and include outside resources that contribute to their goals. This trend, however, has led to the public becoming â€Å"increasingly cynical toward the news media, as reflected in the slumping credibility ratings for many outlets. More generally, a majority of Americans (53%) agree with the statement ‘I often don’t trust what news organizations are saying. ’ And while 43% disagree with that statement, just 9% completely disagree with it† (Attitudes Toward the News: News Audiences Increasingly Politicized). A historical event that that has been changed due to a particular political ideology is the happenings surrounding the Nicaraguan election of 1990. The American government had the ideology that the Sandinistas, who were in power in Nicaragua, were not good for American interests in the region. It was reported in the New York Times just after the election that this was a long overdue victory for the opposition party, as American political ideals did not agree with the Socialist regime in Nicaragua. David Shipler wrote, It is true that partly because of the confrontation with the U. S. , Nicaragua’s economy suffered terribly, setting the stage for the widespread public discontent with the Sandinistas reflected in Sunday’s balloting. But few governments become moderate during a war; the contra war strengthened Sandinista hard-liners and probably contributed to their oppressive policies. The way to resolution opened only when Congress suspended the war, in effect, to give the Sandinistas a chance to proceed democratically. . . . Thus, Nicaragua’s election has vindicated Washington’s fledgling program of providing public, above-board funding to help democratic procedures take root in countries with authoritarian regimes. (A. 27) Due to the slant that the American government wanted to put on this situation, they only released certain information to the general public, which gave the public a favorable opinion of how the situation was handled. The American government portrayed Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega as a vicious man who tormented his people for years and only lost the his power when he agreed to a democratic election. In reality, however, Ortega won an election in 1984 by quite a wide margin and had been making strides in Nicaragua, until a group of U. S. backed militants began a war with him and his troops. This is the dominant ideology as well. During this time period, the United States was able to use the fact that the Sandinistas are a left wing party, as the Communist Party in the Soviet Union was, in order to gain support for their actions in Nicaragua. The American government to this day continues to tell the people of the United States that U. S. policy aims to continue supporting the consolidation of the democratic process initiated in Nicaragua with the 1990 election of President Chamorro. The United States has promoted national reconciliation, encouraging Nicaraguans to resolve their problems through dialogue and compromise. It recognizes as legitimate all political forces that abide by the democratic process and eschew violence. U. S. assistance is focused on strengthening democratic institutions, stimulating sustainable economic growth, and supporting the health and basic education sectors. (Background Note: Nicaragua) A differing political view, however, is held by Noam Chomsky. He has reported much different happenings in Nicaragua, due to his political angle being much different than the American government’s and the New York Times’. He has reported that â€Å"Nicaragua was†¦exceptional in the strength of that government’s commitment†¦to improving the condition of the people and encouraging their active participation in the development process† (Chomsky 42) which makes the United States’ goal of keeping the Sandinistas out of power seem odd. The real reason why the American government did not want to have the Sandinistas in power was that they believed in distributing wealth evenly among its population. They had a steal from the rich and give to the poor-type of mentality. This goes against the capitalist society that the United States prides itself on. The American government saw that socialism had the potential to work in Nicaragua and was worried about what kind of message that would send to the rest of the world. As it turns out, reports Chomsky, the American government funded the insurgents that caused so many problems for the Nicaraguan government while they were in power. They were provided with American weapons and resources, in order to make the people of Nicaragua believe that the government was not in control of things, in order to make them vote for someone one. None of these things were reported very regularly in American newspapers because of political views and they have changed the way this entire situation has been viewed in history. Throughout history, politics have played a huge role in the way news is reported. The political ideologies held by an individual or agency can impact the story that the public hears. Many times, different agencies will report on the exact same story, but with different results. Other times, the real story does not make it to the mainstream media, but rather comes out later in books and journals. These political views change the way things are reported and also the way things are remembered in the future. It is entirely possible to have your entire memory of an event molded by the network you switched to in order to watch the coverage. Past, present, and future events have all been manipulated by media and this trend will continue because there will always be political bias. Because of this, it is important to get news from as many sources as possible, and make an educated decision on what the real truth is.